So why do we need HTTP? Simply put, the whole globe is one networked village today through the usage of the World Wide Web and the Internet and HTTP is the foundation of data communication for this World Wide Web.
Who developed HTTP? Development of HTTP standards has been coordinated by the Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF) and the World Wide Web Consortium.
Next, let us see how this protocol actually works.
HTTP functions as a request-response protocol in the client-server computing model. In a client-server model, a web browser acts as a client and an application running on a computer hosting a web site functions as a server. The client or the web browser submits an HTTP request message to the server. The server returns a response message to the client. This response contains completion status information about the request and may contain any content requested by the client in its message body.
HTTP is an Application Layer protocol designed within the framework of the 7 layer-Internet Protocol Suite.
How does HTTP identifies and locates the resources it needs? It is done on the network by Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) or Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) using the http or https URI schemes.
The original version of HTTP was HTTP1.0 and was revised in HTTP1.1. The earlier version of HTTP used a separate connection to the same server for every request-response transaction. HTTP1.1 can reuse a connection multiple times. This is called a persistent connection.
Such persistent connections reduce the delays in communication, because the client does not need to re-negotiate the TCP connection after the first request has been sent.
An HTTP session is obviously a sequence of network request-response transactions.
In addition, HTTP is a stateless protocol. Thus it does not require the server to retain information or status about each user for the duration of multiple requests.
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